MORGELLONS, MYIASIS, LYME DISEASE and shingles etc ALL CONNECTED
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Myiasis can be complicated by a secondary bacterial or fungal
infection. Such secondary infections may include Borrelia sp. the
etiologic agent of Lyme Disease and Staphylococcus aureus.
In a mechanism known as phoresis, some species of flies glue their eggs
during flight, to the abdomen of other blood sucking arthropods, such
as flies, mosquitos and ticks. When the vectors contact a host, the cutaneous heat of the host makes the larvae emerge from the eggs and fall on exposed
Skin
Infestation of the nasal passages and sinuses maybe accompanied by
severe headache, fever, swelling, and purulent bloody discharge.
The parasitic larva penetrates unbroken skin directly using a hair
follicle as a canal through the skin pore. This can sometimes take place without the host being aware. A number of cases record infections
from larvae in clothing. Some larvae can embed themselves deep under
the skin, integrating with the adipose fatty tissue.
Furthermore, in terms of evolution, experts believe that arthropods
parasitising vertebrates is a switch, which is not thought to have happened with other groups, e.g. protozoa, nematodes and platyhelminths. If this evolutionary switch/switches took place with flies, then
there is a possibility that this switching has actually taken place
with a wider variety of flies than presently recorded.
There is strong evidence that flies play an important role in bacterial
infections, including those resistant to antibiotics. For example, filth
flies can carry over 100 human pathogens. Flies carry parasites such as
Cryptosporidium and viral pathogens including Poliovirus,
Coxsackievirus and Enteroviruses. They can transfer the eggs and cysts
of various cestodes and nematodes, particularly hookworms and ascarids
Myiasis infections in the lungs have been associated with pneumonia and
Dypsnea. Infections of the throat cause the sensation of the
presence of foreign bodies, a burning sensation and itching in the
throat, followed by coughing
In a mechanism known as phoresis, some species of flies glue their eggs
during flight, to the abdomen of other blood sucking arthropods, such
as flies, mosquitos and ticks. When the vectors contact a host, the
cutaneous heat of the host makes the larvae emerge from the eggs and
fall on exposed skin.
When over the host, the larva actively penetrates normal skin or the
orifice made by the intermediate insect.
After invading the skin, the larva creates a cavity similar to a long-neck bottle, with an opening to the skin that allows it to breathe and eliminate larval excretions. The larva possesses two spiracles that items for pregnant women to wear of the wedding
give origin to two tracheas, and these are located in the posterior
portion of the larva, close to the skin. These spiracles of certain species can be seen as two black dots protruding through the skin
orifice.
The site of skin entrance usually appears as a pruriginous elevated
lesion similar to a mosquito bite, whether or not it is related to a mosquito bite. After 2 or 3 weeks, a furuncle is formed. In this phase, the typical presentation is as a firm and red subcutaneous nodule
(furuncle-like). Typically each nodular lesion contains one larva. An intermittent serohemorrhagic or purulent drainage, representing larval
excretions or secondary infection, may occasionally emerge.
For some species, the larva remains in the subcutaneous tissue below
the skin orifice until it reaches maturity, for others they are able to
travel.
Possibly due to larval movement, an intermittent pain that lasts for
1รข?"2 minutes and a sensation of movement under the skin are
reported by some patients (
Direct burrowing
The parasitic larva penetrates unbroken skin directly using a hair follicle as a canal through the skin pore. This can sometimes take
place without the host being aware. A number of cases record infections
from larvae in clothing. Some larvae can embed themselves deep under
the skin, integrating with the adipose fatty tissue.
Fly eggs are incredibly small. Some records of myiasis show that they
can survive the stomach acid and have caused gastro-myiasis, even by a
common house fly. Contaminated food is the most likely mechanism of
intestinal myiasis, where food has not been cooked adequately or flies
have laid eggs on cooked foods, waiting to be eaten.
Cuticle Spines
Some larva develop minute spines on their cuticles which are directed backward. These spines help the larva to anchor itself to the
surrounding tissue. The presence of these spines make removal of the
larva from its
Spiracles
The spiracles are the breathing holes of fly larvae and can appear as
black dots on the cuticle surface. They are very distinctive and are
often the only way of identifying the species without rearing it on to
adulthood. Sometimes the anterior spiracles can extent out of the
larvae, like so:
Pupae
In some species of fly, the pupae (like cocoons) are expelled from the
skin and fall on the ground to complete their life cycle. Others bury
down into sub dermal tissue to stay safe from harm, whilst developing.
the proboscis is adapted for cutting or piercing the tissues
of a host. Some of these flies are predators of other arthropods (e.g.,
robber flies), but most of them are external parasites (e.g.,
mosquitoes and deer flies) that feed on the blood of their vertebrate
hosts, including humans and most wild and domestic animals
Once a mammal is infected with fly larvae, it is more likely that they
will attract further flies, as myiasis fly larvae release a smell that
attracts gravid flies (like Phorids) (6). Other insects will also
become attracted, including ladybirds, spiders, mites, thrips and louse
- as they hunt for the fly larvae and eggs on skin, hair and clothing.
Fly larvae have the ability to 'diapause' within the human body -
stopping their development until environmental conditions are more
favourable. This often results in a slowing of reproduction in the
winter months. Myiasis is observed more frequently during the hot humid
summer months.
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